Dry Eye

What is dry eye?

Dry eye occurs when your eyes fail to produce sufficient tears to remain moist, or when your tears do not function properly. This condition can lead to discomfort in your eyes, and in some instances, it may also result in vision issues.

Dry eye is a prevalent condition — it impacts millions of people annually. The positive aspect is that if you experience dry eye, there are numerous strategies you can implement to maintain your eye health and ensure comfort.

What are the symptoms of dry eye?

The symptoms associated with dry eye can include:

  • A scratchy sensation, as if there is something lodged in your eye

  • Stinging or burning sensations in your eye

  • Redness in the eyes

  • Increased sensitivity to light

  • Blurred vision

Am I at risk for dry eye?

While anyone can develop dry eye, you may be at a higher risk if you:

  • Are 50 years of age or older

  • Are female

  • Use contact lenses

  • Have a deficiency in vitamin A (found in foods such as carrots, broccoli, and liver) or omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish, walnuts, and vegetable oils)

  • Suffer from certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or Sjögren syndrome

What causes dry eye?

Typically, glands located above your eyes produce tears that keep them moist. Dry eye occurs when your tears fail to perform their intended function. This could indicate:

  • Your glands are not producing enough tears to keep your eyes moist

  • Your tears evaporate too quickly

  • Your tears do not function adequately to maintain moisture in your eyes

How will my doctor check for dry eye?

Your eye care professional can assess for dry eye during a thorough dilated eye examination. This examination is straightforward and painless — your doctor will administer eye drops to dilate (enlarge) your pupil and then examine your eyes for dry eye and other potential issues.

Make sure to inform your doctor if you suspect you may have dry eye. To determine if you have this condition, your doctor may evaluate:

  • The volume of tears your eyes produce

  • The duration it takes for your tears to evaporate

  • The structure of your eyelids

Did you know?

  • Dry eye is widespread — approximately 16.4 million Americans are affected by it

  • Spending extended periods looking at your computer, tablet, or smartphone can contribute to dry eye

  • If severe dry eye is left untreated, it can sometimes lead to damage to your cornea, the clear outer layer at the front of your eye

What’s the treatment for dry eye?

The treatment for dry eye typically depends on the underlying cause of your symptoms. There are several different treatment options available that can alleviate your symptoms and help maintain your eye health.

  • Over-the-counter eye drops. The most common remedy for mild dry eye is a type of eye drops known as artificial tears. These eye drops can be obtained without a prescription. Additionally, there are over-the-counter moisturizing gels and ointments that may provide relief for your eyes.

  • Prescription medications. If your dry eye is more severe, your eye care provider may prescribe medications such as cyclosporine (Restasis) or lifitegrast (Xiidra). These medications are both types of eye drops that can assist your eyes in producing more tears.

  • Lifestyle modifications. If a factor in your life or environment is contributing to your dry eye or exacerbating it, your doctor may recommend changes to help safeguard your eyes.

    For instance, if a medication you are taking for another health issue is causing dry eye, your doctor may suggest trying an alternative medication.

    Your eyes may also feel more comfortable if you:

    • Avoid smoke, wind, and air conditioning

    • Utilize a humidifier to prevent the air in your home from becoming excessively dry

    • Limit screen time and take breaks from staring at screens

    • Wear wraparound sunglasses when outdoors

    • Stay well-hydrated — aim for 8 to 10 glasses of water daily

    • Ensure adequate sleep — approximately 7 to 8 hours each night

  • Tear duct plugs. If tears are draining from your eyes too quickly, your doctor may recommend inserting special plugs (known as punctal plugs) into your tear ducts (small openings in the inner corners of your eyes). These plugs can help retain your tears in your eyes.

  • Surgery. In certain cases, dry eye may occur due to loose lower eyelids, which can cause tears to drain too quickly from your eyes. If this is the underlying cause of your dry eye, your eye doctor may suggest surgical intervention to correct your eyelids and help retain your tears. This treatment is relatively uncommon.

Discuss your options with your doctor. If another health condition is contributing to your dry eye, addressing that condition may alleviate your dry eye symptoms. Even if you are experiencing dry eye, there are numerous steps you can take to help maintain your eye health. Keep these tips in mind:

  • Adhere to your doctor's instructions for using your eye drops (whether over-the-counter or prescription)

  • Inform your doctor if dry eye is interfering with your daily activities