Retinoblastoma
What is retinoblastoma?
Retinoblastoma is an uncommon form of eye cancer that originates in the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer located at the back of the eye. This type of cancer is primarily found in children under the age of 5, although it can occasionally occur in older children and adults as well. It has the potential to affect one eye or both eyes simultaneously.
This condition can lead to blindness and may also pose a serious threat to life. However, early detection and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the risk of vision impairment and prevent the cancer from advancing. Therefore, it is crucial to contact your child's healthcare provider immediately if you observe any symptoms indicative of retinoblastoma.
What are the signs of retinoblastoma?
The most prevalent indicator of retinoblastoma is the appearance of a white pupil (the round black opening in the center of the eye) when light is directed into the eye. Parents often become aware of this sign when capturing photographs of their child with a flash.
Additional signs and symptoms associated with retinoblastoma may include:
Crossed eyes or one eye that appears to drift in a different direction
Pain, swelling, or redness in the eye
Excessive tearing or watery eyes
Impaired vision
If your child experiences vision difficulties due to retinoblastoma, you might observe that they tend to fall more frequently, collide with objects, or struggle to navigate around the home. They may also hold items close to their face to see them more clearly.
It is essential to reach out to your child's doctor immediately if you notice any of these symptoms.
Is my child at risk for retinoblastoma?
While any child can develop retinoblastoma, the risk is elevated if there is a family history of the condition. If you or a family member has had retinoblastoma, undergoing genetic testing can determine if you possess the hereditary type that can be transmitted to offspring.
If there is a known family history of retinoblastoma, consult with your child's physician regarding their risk level. Children who are at an increased risk should undergo regular eye examinations to monitor for early signs of cancer.
What causes retinoblastoma?
Retinoblastoma occurs when alterations in a gene lead to the abnormal growth of retinal cells, resulting in a tumor. In most cases, these genetic changes occur randomly; however, sometimes the altered gene is inherited from a parent.
When retinoblastoma is inherited, it is likely to impact both eyes.
How will the doctor check for retinoblastoma?
An eye care professional can evaluate for retinoblastoma during a comprehensive dilated eye examination. They may also perform additional tests to gain a clearer view of the inside and surrounding areas of the eye, such as retinal imaging, ultrasounds, and MRI scans.
If your child is diagnosed with retinoblastoma, further testing may be necessary, including genetic testing to determine if they have the inherited form of the disease. If they do, there is a possibility that the other eye may also be at risk for developing retinoblastoma.
What's the treatment for retinoblastoma?
The treatment for retinoblastoma is determined by the size of the tumor and whether the cancer has spread beyond the eye. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, cryotherapy (freezing treatment), laser therapy, radiation, and surgical intervention. A specialist known as a pediatric oncologist can assist in developing the most suitable treatment plan for your child.
Retinoblastoma can lead to blindness and even fatality if not addressed promptly; however, it is treatable when detected early before it spreads beyond the eye, and treatment is initiated swiftly. This underscores the importance of informing your child's doctor immediately if you notice any signs of retinoblastoma.